Date : 1997
Editeur / Publisher : [S.l.] : [s.n.] , 1997
Format : 1 vol., 546 p.
Type : Livre / Book
Type : Thèse / ThesisLangue / Language : français / French
Autorités administratives indépendantes
Résumé / Abstract : PEU NOMBREUSES SONT LES AUTORITES ADMINISTRATIVES INDEPENDANTES AYANT LA POSSIBILITE DE PUNIR TOUTE PERSONNE AUTEUR D'UN MANQUEMENT AUX REGLES D'UN SECTEUR D'ACTIVITE. DEPUIS 1986, ET A LA FAVEUR D'UN MOUVEMENT DE DEPENALISATION, LE CONSEIL DE LA CONCURRENCE, LE CONSEIL SUPERIEUR DE L'AUDIOVISUEL, LA COMMISSION DES OPERATIONS DE BOURSE AINSI QUE L'AUTORITE DE REGULATION DES TELECOMMUNICATIONS DISPOSENT DE CETTE COMPETENCE REPRESSIVE. CEPENDANT, MALGRE LE CHOIX D'UNE QUALIFICATION FAISANT EXPRESSEMENT REFERENCE AU DROIT ADMINISTRATIF, C'EST LA MATIERE PENALE QUI S'APPLIQUE ET NON LE DROIT ADMINISTRATIF. AINSI, IL RESULTE DE CETTE COMPETENCE REPRESSIVE UNE UNIFORMISATION DU DROIT DE LA SANCTION. LES PRINCIPES GUIDANT LE PRONONCE DE LA PEINE SONT RESPECTES DANS LEUR ESPRIT. DE MEME, LES OBJECTIFS DE LA PEINE PENALE SONT ADOPTES ET ADAPTES AUX FINS D'AMELIORATION DE LA PUNITION PAR LES AUTORITES DE REGULATION. LOIN D'ETRE AUTONOMES, LES SANCTIONS PRONONCEES PAR CES AUTORITES SE RATTACHENT DONC A LA MATIERE PENALE. PARALLELEMENT, LES PROCEDURES D'ENQUETE ET LA PHASE DE DECISION SONT DES ADAPTATIONS DES PROCEDURES DE DROIT COMMUN. LES RECOURS PORTES CONTRE CES SANCTIONS DEVANT UNE JURIDICTION JUDICIAIRE CIVILE SOULIGNENT UNE MUTATION JURIDICTIONNELLE. D'UNE PART, LE POUVOIR DE SANCTION DES AUTORITES ADMINISTRATIVES INDEPENDANTES LEUR FAIT EXERCER UNE FONCTION JURIDICTIONNELLE DE PREMIER RESSORT RESPECTANT LES PRINCIPES DIRECTEURS DU PROCES. D'AUTRE PART, LE RESPECT DES LIBERTES INDIVIDUELLES PERMET AU JUGE JUDICIAIRE DE PARTICIPER AUX ENQUETES DE REGULATION ALORS QUE CES DERNIERES PEUVENT RENFORCER LE CONTROLE PENAL DU SECTEUR SURVEILLE. IL RESULTE AINSI DE CES INTERACTIONS UNE MODIFICATION DE LA PERCEPTION DU JUGE JUDICIAIRE ET DES AUTORITES ADMINISTRATIVES INDEPENDANTES. LA CONVERGENCE DE LEURS ACTIONS SUR LA FORME ET LE FOND ATTENUE DONC LA PORTEE DU PRINCIPE DE SEPARATION DES AUTORITES ADMINISTRATIVES INDEPENDANTES.
Résumé / Abstract : THERE ARE FEW INDEPENDANT ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES WHICH CAN PUNISH ANY PERSON WHO BREACHES THE RULES OF A PARTICULAR SECTOR OF ACTIVITY. SINCE 1986, AND THANKS TO A DEPENALIZATION MOVEMENT, BODIES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SUPERVISION OF COMPETITION, BROADCASTING, TRADING IN STOCKS AND SHARES AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS HAVE HAD THIS REPRESSIVE JURISDICTION. HOWEVER, DESPITE THE CHOICE OF A LEGAL DEFINITION WHICH DELIBERATELY REFERS TO ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, IT IS THE SPIRIT OF PENAL LAW AND NOT ADMINISTRATIVE LAW WHICH IS APPLIED. THUS, AS A RESULT OF THE EXERCISE OF THIS REPRESSIVE JURISDICTION, THERE IS A STANDARDISATION OF THE LAWS OF PUNISHMENT. THE PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE THE IMPOSITION OF THE PENALTY ARE RESPECTED IN THE SPIRIT. IN THE SAME WAY, THE AIMS OF THE PENAL SENTENCE ARE ADOPTED AND ADAPTED BY THE REGULATORY BODIES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE PENALTY. FAR FROM BEING AUTONOMOUS PENALTIES, THOSE PENALTIES IMPOSED BY INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES RELATE TO PENAL LAW. IN PARALLEL WITH THIS, THE INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES AND THE DECISION PHASE ARE ADAPTATIONS OF THE PROCEDURES OF ORDINARY LAW. APPEALS BROUGHT AGAINST THSES PENALTIES IN A CIVIL COURT UNDERLINE A CHANGE IN TERMS OF JURISDICTION. ON THE ONE HAND, THE POWER OF THE INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES TO IMPOSE PENALTIES MEANS THAT THEY EXERCISE A JURISDICTIONAL FUNCTION IN THE FIRST RESORT RESPECTING THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF TRIAL PROCEDURE. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE RESPECT OF FUNDAMENTAL LIBERTIES ALLOWS THE JUDGE TO TAKE PART IN REGULATORY INVESTIGATIONS WHICH CAN STRENGTHEN PENAL CONTROL OF THE SUPERVISED SECTOR. AS A RESULT OF THESE INTERACTIONS, THERE IS A CHANGE IN THE WAY THE JUDICIARY AND THE INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES ARE PERCEIVED. THE CONVERGENCE OF THEIR ACTIONS IN BOTH THE FORM AND CONTENT THUS WEAKENS THE PRINCIPLE OF THE SEPARATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES.