Date : 1986
Editeur / Publisher : [S.l.] : [s.n.] , 1986
Type : Livre / Book
Type : Thèse / ThesisLangue / Language : français / French
Conditions sociales -- Chambéry (Savoie) -- Moyen âge
Administration -- Chambéry (Savoie) -- Moyen âge
Conditions économiques -- Chambéry (Savoie) -- Moyen âge
Résumé / Abstract : LA SITUATION GEOGRAPHIQUE DE CHAMBERY - UN CARREFOUR NATUREL AU SEIN D'UNE GRANDE ZONE DE PASSAGE - ETAIT EMINEMMENT FAVORABLE AU DEVELOPPEMENT D'UNE VILLE, MAIS LA MEDIOCRITE DU SITE EXPLIQUE LES EMPLACEMENTS SUCCESSIFS DE L'HABITAT, LA LUTTE PERMANENTE CONTRE LES EAUX ET CERTAINS TRAITS DU PAYSAGE URBAIN. LES INSTITUTIONS MUNICIPALES SONT ANALYSEES AINSI QUE LES FONCTIONS SUPERIEURES DE CHAMBERY : SIEGE DE CHATELLENIE, CAPITALE DE L'ETAT SAVOYARD. L'ETUDE CHIFFREE DE LA POPULATION (ENVIRON 4000 HABITANTS A LA FIN DU 14E SIECLE) ACHEVE DE DEFINIR LA PHYSIONOMIE DE LA VILLE. L'OUVRAGE TRAITE ENSUITE DES DIFFERENTS ASPECTS DU COMMERCE A CHAMBERY. COMMERCE LOCAL D'UNE PART : AIRE DE RAVITAILLEMENT, MODALITES DE DISTRIBUTION DES PRODUITS CONSOMMES. GRAND COMMERCE SURTOUT, LA VILLE ETANT SITUEE SUR DEUX AXES ESSENTIELS DU TRAFIC INTERNATIONAL ET A PROXIMITE DE GENEVE : ANALYSE DES PRODUITS TRANSPORTES ET DE L'EVOLUTION DE CE COMMERCE AUQUEL LES CHAMBERIENS NE PARTICIPENT PAS. DANS LA POPULATION CHAMBERIENNE, A COTE DE COMMUNAUTES ETRANGERES (JUIFS, LOMBARDS), TOUTES LES CATEGORIES SOCIALES SONT REPRESENTEES : COMMUN, CLERGE, NOBLESSE. LES GENS DE METIER ASSURENT LA VIE QUOTIDIENNE DES HABITANTS, MAIS NE JOUENT AUCUN ROLE DANS LA VIE MUNICIPALE. PAR CONTRE, LES NOBLES ET LES HOMMES DE LOI, TRES NOMBREUX, DETIENNENT RICHESSE ET POUVOIR. ENFIN L'HISTOIRE DE CHAMBERY A ETE REPLACEE DANS L'ESPACE ET DANS LE TEMPS. CAPITALE ADMINISTRATIVE D'UN ETAT VASTE ET DIVERS, ELLE DUT CEDER UNE PARTIE DE SES COMPETENCES AUX CAPITALES PERIPHERIQUES : BOURG, ANNECY, TURIN. ELLE CONNUT SON APOGEE ENTRE 1350 ET 1450 ENVIRON, PUIS LES PRINCES LUI PREFERERENT TURIN QUI, EN 1563, LA SUPPLANTA COMME CAPITALE. CEPENDANT, UN BILAN DES FORCES ET DES FAIBLESSES DE LA VILLE VERS CETTE DATE MONTRE QU'ELLE CONSERVAIT ENCORE, DANS SA CONTEXTURE SOCIALE, BIEN DES TRAITS DE SON GLORIEUX PASSE.
Résumé / Abstract : THE GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION OF CHAMBERY - A NATURAL CROSSROADS WITHIN A LARGE TRANSIT REGION - WAS EMINENTLY FAVOURABLE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TOWN, BUT THE MEDIOCRITY OF THE SITE EXPLAINS THE SUCCESSIVE LOCATIONS OF THE BUILT-UP AREA, THE CONTINUOUS STRUGGLE AGAINST FLOODS AND CERTAIN FEATURES OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE. THE MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONS ARE SCRUTINIZED AS WELL AS THE HIGHER FUNCTIONS OF CHAMBERY : SEAT OF A "CHATELLENIE", AND CAPITAL OF THE SAVOYARD STATE. A SURVEY OF THE POPULATION (AROUND 4000 INHABITANTS AT THE END OF THE 14TH CENTURY) ENDS THE DESCRIPTION OF THE TOWN. THE BOOK THEN DEALS WITH THE VARIOUS ASPECTS OF COMMERCE IN CHAMBERY. FIRSTLY LOCAL COMMERCE : AREA OF SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS OF THE PRODUCTS CONSUMED ; AND MOSTLY INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE, SINCE THE TOWN WAS SITUATED ON TWO MAJOR AXES OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSIT AND CLOSE TO GENEVA : AN ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTS TRANSPORTED AND OF THE EVOLUTION OF THIS COMMERCE IN WHICH THE INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN DID NOT WANT TO TAKE PART. IN THE POPULATION, BESIDE FOREIGN COMMUNITIES (JEWS, LOMBARDS), ALL SOCIAL CATEGORIES WERE REPRESENTED : COMMON PEAOPLE, CLERGY, NOBILITY. CRAFTSMEN MET THE EVERYDAY NEEDS OF THE INHABITANTS, BUT DID NOT PLAY ANY PART IN MUNICIPAL LIFE, ON THE OTHER HAND, THE VERY NUMEROUS NOBLES AND LAWYERS HELD BOTH RICHNESS AND POWER. LASTLY, THE HISTORY OF CHAMBERY HAS BEEN PLACED IN ITS SPACE- TIME CONTEXT. THE ADMINISTRATIVE CAPITAL OF A VAST AND DIVERSE STATE, IT HAD TO SURRENDER PART OF ITS COMPETENCIES TO SURROUNDING CAPITALS : BOURG ANNECY, TORINO. IT REACHED ITS CLIMAX BETWEEN 1350 AND 1450 APPROXIMATELY, THEN THE PRINCES TURNED TO TORINO, WHICH SUPERSEDED IT AS A CAPITAL IN 1563. THOUGH, A BALANCE OF THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE TOWN AROUND THAT DATE SHOWS THAT IT RETAINED MANY FEATURES OF ITS GLORIOUS PAST IN ITS SOCIAL STRUCTURE.