Date : 2008
Editeur / Publisher : [S.l.] : [s.n.] , 2008
Type : Livre / Book
Type : Thèse / ThesisLangue / Language : portugais / Portuguese
Mouvements sociaux -- Pará (Brésil ; État)
Communautés rurales -- Identité collective
Amazonie (Brésil) -- Conditions rurales -- 1970-....
Paysannerie -- Brésil -- Amazonie
Résumé / Abstract : Cette thèse porte sur des actions collectives, caractérisées comme mouvement social, menées par un ensemble de communautés rurales de la commune de Port de Moz, en Amazonie brésilienne dont, dès les années 1980, les territoires, traditionnellement occupés par elles, ont été pénétrés par des entreprises du bois et de la pêche, dépréciatrices des ressources naturelles qui soutenaient leurs modes de production et de vie. Il en résulte des conflits qui donnèrent origine à ce mouvement de défense. La thèse retrace et interprète l'organisation de ce mouvement au long d'une quinzaine d'années à la lumière des théories des mouvements sociaux et des catégories sociologiques de communauté, territoire et mode de vie, entre autres. En plus de lectures de nature théoriques, elle se base sur un long travail de terrain, sur l'examen de documents d'archives et d'entrevues avec les acteurs, membres des communautés, militants d'organisations de base, et représentants des institutions publiques.
Résumé / Abstract : This study discusses a process of collective actions by a group of rural communities in the municipality of Porto de Moz, situated in the region of Almeirin, in the Lower Amazon, State of Pará. The municipality of Porto Moz has a history marked by two rubber boom periods (1870-1920 and 1942-1945) that lead to rubber tree exploitation and resulted in diverse processes of territorialization. A significant part of the current rural population of the municipality is formed by families of forest owners, managers, and workers. Informal and formally, these groups are denominated “Traditional groups”. At the end of the 20th century, national territorial policies motivated valorization of capital in the Brazilian Amazon through large projects. Until then relatively isolated, Porto Moz was invaded by commercial fisherman and logging companies that threatened its territory organization and its traditional socioeconomic structure. Families and communities reacted with the support of the local Catholic Church. Their organization and the consistent support of the Church contributed to the creation of small farmers and fisherman trade unions in the national level, and the introduction of the workers party, PT, in that area. The communities became stronger enough to confront threats against their socioeconomic organization and way of life, thus depending less on the Church. After first, some communities determined their working and living spaces; then, they took charge of the socioeconomic organization of the west of the municipality, which encompasses 1,300,000 hectares (70% of the municipality), according to the statute of Conservation Unit, as an Extractive Reserve. This law was proposed to the State by rubber tapers of the State of Acre in response to their forced removal from their forests. The studies of the similarities and relationship between the social phenomena in Acre and in Porto Munoz and other regions, allowed me to create a hypothesis of a social movement in the Amazon