Date : 1997
Editeur / Publisher : [S.l.] : [s.n.] , 1997
Type : Livre / Book
Type : Thèse / ThesisLangue / Language : français / French
Sahara occidental -- 1975-....
Résumé / Abstract : DES LE 15EME SIECLE LES TERRITOIRES SITUES SUR LE LITTORAL OUEST DE L'AFRIQUE ONT ATTISE L'AVIDITE ET LE DESIR DE CONQUETE DES MONARCHIES IBERIQUES ET OCCIDENTALES. AYANT PRIS POSSESSION DES TERRITOIRES SAHARIENS, QUI ALLAIENT DEVENIR UNE DE LEURS COLONIES, LES AUTORITES ESPAGNOLES ONT ETE CONFRONTEES A L'IRREDENTISME DES POPULATIONS NOMADES ET GUERRIERES QUI CONSTITUENT LA POPULATION ORIGINELLE DE CES TERRITOIRES. A COMPTER DU DESENGAGEMENT DES FORCES MILITAIRES ESPAGNOLES LES PUISSANCES RIVERAINES (LE MAROC ET LA MAURITANIE) ONT, A LEUR TOUR, TENTE DE CONQUERIR CETTE ZONE. DANS UN PREMIER TEMPS ELLES FURENT MISES EN ECHEC PAR L'ARMEE DE LIBERATION DU PEUPLE SAHRAOUI (A.L.P.S., BRAS ARME DU FRONT POLISARIO) QUI POUVAIT COMPTER SUR L'AIDE LOGISTIQUE DE L'ALGERIE ET, PLUS GENERALEMENT, SUR LE SOUTIEN DES PAYS PROCHES DE L'UNION SOVIETIQUE. APRES LE DESENGAGEMENT DES TROUPES MAURITANIENNES EN 1979 LE MAROC OPTA POUR LA CONQUETE TOTALE DE CES TERRITOIRES. DES 1980 L'ETAT MAJOR AVANCE MAROCAIN DECIDA DE METTRE EN PLACE UNE LIGNE DE DEFENSE OPERATIONNELLE (L.D.O.) QUI LUI DONNA L'AVANTAGE SUR LE TERRAIN. LA SAISINE DE L'O.N.U., LES REVIREMENTS D'ALLIANCE, L'EVOLUTION DE L'EQUILIBRE GEOSTRATEGIQUE ET LE DEPLOIEMENT D'UNE FORCE D'INTERPOSITION (AYANT POUR MISSION DE FAIRE RESPECTER LE CESSEZ LE FEU ET DE CREER LES CONDITIONS NECESSAIRES A LA TENUE D'UN REFERENDUM D'AUTODETERMINATION) SONT AUTANT DE FAITS QUI PONCTUERENT L'EVOLUTION DE CE CONFLIT DONT L'ENJEU EST LA RECONNAISSANCE DE LA SOUVERAINETE DU PEUPLE SAHRAOUI ET DE LA REPUBLIQUE ARABE SAHRAOUI DEMOCRATIQUE (R.A.S.D.). MALGRE LES EFFORTS CONSENTIS PAR LES PARTIES BELLIGERANTES ET L'O.N.U. POUR TENTER DE TROUVER UNE EBAUCHE DE SOLUTION PACIFIQUE, DE MULTIPLES ATERMOIEMENTS ONT FREINE LE PROCESSUS D'IDENTIFICATION DES ELECTEURS POTENTIELS ET, DE FAIT, ONT RETARDE LE CALENDRIER PREVISIONNEL POUR LA TENUE DU REFERENDUM D'AUTODETERMINATION DANS CES TERRITOIRES. BIEN QUE LES AUTORITES MAROCAINES AIENT DECLARE + VOULOIR EN FINIR AVEC LE FAUX PROBLEME DU SAHARA OCCIDENTAL ; LA MAJORITE DES POPULATIONS CONCERNEES DOUTE QUE CE REFERENDUM, DECIDE DEPUIS 1991 PAR LES NATIONS UNIES, PUISSE UN JOUR REELLEMENT AVOIR LIEU. LA DERNIERE RESOLUTION ADOPTEE PAR LES NATIONS UNIES SUR LA QUESTION DU SAHARA OCCIDENTAL FIXE AU MOIS DE DECEMBRE 1998 LA TENUE DU REFERENDUM D'AUTODETERMINATION.
Résumé / Abstract : AS EARLY AS THE 15-TH CENTURY THE TERRITORIES ON THE WEST COAST OF AFRICA POKED UP THE AVIDITY AND THE DESIRE FOR CONQUEST OF THE IBERIAN AND WESTERN MONARCHIES. THE SPANISH AUTHORITIES, AFTER TAKING POSSESSION OF THE SAHARAN TERRITORIES, WHICH WOULD BECOME ONE OF THEIR COLONIES, HAD BEEN CONFRONTED WITH THE RESISTANCE OF THE NOMADIC AND WARLIKE POPULATION, LIVING ON THIS LAND. AFTER THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE SPANISH FORCES IN 1975 THE NEIGHBORING STATES MOROCCO AND MAURITANIA TRIED TO CONQUER THIS LAND. IN EARLY 1976 MOROCCO TOOK THE NORTHERN TWO-THIRDS AND MAURITANIA OCCUPIED THE SOUTH. THEY HAD BEEN INITIALLY DEFEATED BY THE LIBERATION ARMY OF THE SAHRAWI PEOPLE ( L.A.S.P., THE MILITARY WING OF THE POPULAR FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF SAHARAN TERRITORIES POLISARIO ) THAT COULD RELY ON THE LOGISTICAL HELP OF ALGERIA AND, MORE GENERALLY, ON SUPPORT FROM THE SOCIALIST CAMP. AFTER THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE MAURITANIAN TROOPS FROM THE SOUTH IN 1979 MOROCCO DECIDED TO TOTALLY CONQUER THIS TERRITORY. ONE YEAR LATER THE SPEARHEAD GENERAL STAFF OF THE MOROCCAN ARMY DECIDED TO SET UP AN OPERATIONAL DEFENSE LINE (O.D.L.) WHICH GAVE HIM THE SUPREMACY ON THE GROUND. THE EVOLUTION OF THIS CONFLICT WAS MARKED BY THE U.N. PEACE PLAN, THE ABRUPT CHANGE IN ALLIANCES, THE EVOLUTION OF THE GEOSTRATEGIC BALANCE AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF AN U.N. FORCE BEING SET UP TO ENFORCE THE RESPECT OF THE CEASE-FIRE AND TO ENSURE SECURITY DURING A REFERENDUM ON SELF-DETERMINATION. AT STAKE IN THIS CONFLICT IS THE RECOGNITION OF THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE SAHRAWI PEOPLE AND THE SAHRAWI ARAB DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC. DESPITE THE EFFORTS OF THE BELLIGERENT PARTIES AND THE U.N., TRYING TO FIND AN OUTLINE OF A PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT, THE POLL TO DECIDE ON THE TERRITORY'S FUTURE AFTER 16 YEARS OF ARMED STRIFE, ORIGINALLY SET FOR JANUARY 2, 1992, HAD BEEN DELAYED BY ACCUSATIONS BY MOROCCO AND POLISARIO OF TRYING TO PAD VOTER LIST. ALTHOUGH THE MOROCCAN AUTHORITIES HAD DECLARED THAT THEY "WANT TO PUT AN END TO THE NON-PROBLEM OF WESTERN SAHARA" THE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION CONCERNED DOUBTS WHETHER THIS REFERENDUM, DECIDED BY THE U.N. IN 1991, WILL EVER BE HELD. ACCORDING TO THE LATEST U.N. RESOLUTION ON THE WESTERN SAHARA CONFLICT THE REFERENDUM ON THE LAND'S FUTURE IS SCHEDULED FOR DECEMBER 7 THIS YEAR.