Date : 1997
Type : Livre / Book
Type : Thèse / ThesisLangue / Language : français / French
Résumé / Abstract : Certains postulats classiquement admis sur l'identite sociale et le sentiment de controle ont ete testes aupres de 160 detenus francais. En controlant les variables relatives au type de crime, a la recidive ou a la duree, l'auteur a realise 22 observations quasi-experimentales visant a relever les types de strategies deployees par le detenu selon qu'il soit prevenu ou condamne. L'hypothese generale prevoit que l'incarceration agit sur des dimensions relevant a la fois du registre de l'identite (estime de soi, jugement social, etc.) et de celui de la controlabilite (internalite, jugement moral, etc.). L'analyse des processus sociocognitifs revele la mobilisation de strategies differentes selon que le detenu se trouve en attente de jugement ou en train de purger sa condamnation. Conformement a la theorie de l'identite sociale (tajfel, 1979, 1982) et aux travaux d'ellemers (1989), le condamne cherche davantage a se distinguer de toute appartenance menacante que ne le fait le prevenu. S'agissant des croyances internes et des strategies de controle sur les evenements, les differences entre prevenus et condamnes ne permettent pas de plaider en faveur de l'idee selon laquelle le prevenu manifesterait davantage de besoin de controler son environnement. En revanche, l'analyse des jugements de valeurs socio-morales revele des conduites de jugement allant dans le sens de ce que pourrait souhaiter le prevenu a propos de son propre jugement. Cela conforte l'idee d'une volonte d'inflechir le destin chez le prevenu (delhomme, 1987) et plus nettement lorsque ce dernier n'est pas isole des autres detenus. L'analyse des correlations entre les mesures d'identite et de controle, montre des liens significatifs entre internalite et jugement des transgressions ou du transgresseurs avant le jugement. Ceci alors que les processus relatifs a l'internalite et a l'identite n'interagissent exclusivement que si le detenu a ete definitivement reconnu coupable.
Résumé / Abstract : Somes postulats classically accepted on social identity and the feeling of control have been tested among 160 french prisoners. The author has carried out 22 near-experimental observations aiming at noticeing the types of strategies spread out by the prisoner according to he is a defendant (before his judgment) or a sentenced person (after judgement). The criteria relative to the type of crime, to subsequent offense, to the length of time have been controled. The general hypothesis foresees that imprisonment has an action on specific dimensions concerning both the identity register (self-esteem, social jugment, etc.) and that of the controllability (internality, moral judgment, etc.). The analysis of sociocognitive processes reveal the use of different strategies according to the prisoner is waiting for judgment or is being served his sentence. In conformity with social identity theory (tajfel, 1979, 1982) and to ellemers' research (1989), the sentenced person rather seeks to distinguih himself from any threatening group belonging that the defendant does. When it comes to internal beliefs and strategies of control on events, the differences between defendant and sentenced do not allow to plead in favour of the idea according which the defendant would show more need to control his environment. On the other hand, the analysis of socio-moral value judgments indicate specific style of judgment in what the defendant could wish concerning his own judgment. This confirms the idea of a strong willing to reorientate the destiny in the defendant (delhomme, 1987) and more clearly when the latter is not isolated (as for sexual crime) from the other prisoners. The analysis of correlations between identity and control rates show significant relations between internality and judgment of transgressions or of transgressors before judgment. Whereas the processes in relation to internality ant to identity only interact exclusively if the prisoner has been definitively recognized guilt.