Date : 1997
Editeur / Publisher : [S.l.] : [s.n.] , 1997
Type : Livre / Book
Type : Thèse / ThesisLangue / Language : français / French
Démocratisation de l'enseignement -- Sénégal
Résumé / Abstract : DANS TOUS LES PAYS ON S'ACCORDE A ACCEPTER, AU MINIMUM LE PRINCIPE DE L'EGALITE DES INDIVIDUS DEVANT L'ACCES A L'EDUCATION. CE QUI EST LE POINT DE DEPART POUR JAUGER LES SYSTEMES MODERNES D'EDUCATION. L'EDUCATION, PRECISEMENT PARCE QU'ELLE EST LE PRINCIPAL AGENT DE L'EVOLUTION SOCIALE, DOIT AUSSI FAVORISER L'HOMOGENEITE DE LA SOCIETE. LA MESURE EMPIRIQUE DU DESEQUILIBRE DE LA DISTRIBUTION DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT PAR RAPPORT A LA STRUCTURE ADMINISTRATIVE TERRITORIALE DU SENEGAL, L'EVOLUTION DE CE DESEQUILIBRE DE 77/78 A 92/93, DU NIVEAU DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT PRIMAIRE AU SECONDAIRE ET LA DETERMINATION DES FACTEURS AGGRAVANT CETTE DISPARITE ENTRE LES REGIONS DU PAYS, CONSTITUENT LE SUJET DE CETTE THESE. CELLE-CI EST COMPOSEE DE DEUX PARTIES : L'UNE, INTRODUCTIVE, COMPREND : LES INFORMATIONS CARACTERISTIQUES DU PAYS QUI ECLAIRENT LE CHAMP DE L'ANALYSE, UNE REVISION DE LA LITTERATURE TRAITANT LE THEME POUR LE CERNER. DE LA MEME MANIERE, LA METHODOLOGIE S'Y TROUVE EXPLICITEE PAR LA DEMARCHE CONSTRUCTIVE DES INDICATEURS DE L'INEGALITE ET LA DISCUSSION RELATIVE AUX CRITERES SOUS-TENDANT LEURS CHOIX. DANS L'AUTRE PARTIE, LA PRINCIPALE : L'INEGALITE DUE A L'ORIGINE GEOGRAPHIQUE EST TRAITEE EN DETAIL A PARTIR DE TROIS POINT DE VUE : L'ACCESSIBILITE SCOLAIRE (POSSIBILITE D'ENTRER A L'ECOLE), LA SCOLARITE (PROBABILITE D'ETRE SCOLARISE) ET LA QUALITE DES ETABLISSEMENTS (ENCADREMENT, RENDEMENT, RESULTATS D'EXAMENS). L'EFFET DU SEXE, DU STATUT DE LA LOCALITE REGIONALE (CAPITALE / HORS CAPITALES) ET LE TYPE DE L'ETABLISSEMENT (PUBLIC / PRIVE) SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DE L'EDUCATION EST ANALYSE. LA SITUATION DE CHACUNE DES REGIONS DANS L'ESPACE DES VARIABLES EST REALISEE. ET CETTE DEMARCHE EST SYSTEMATIQUEMENT APPLIQUEE AUX TROIS NIVEAUX D'EDUCATION : PRIMAIRE, MOYEN (COLLEGES) ET SECONDAIRE. A LA FIN, LA RELATION ENTRE LA DISTRIBUTION SCOLAIRE ET CELLE DES AUTRES BIENS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES EST ETUDIEE. EN CONCLUSION, COMPTE TENU DE L'AMPLEUR DE L'INEGALITE REVELEE PAR LE DIAGNOSTIC, L'EVOLUTION DE CETTE INEGALITE ET L'EFFET DES FACTEURS ANALYSES, DES SUGGESTIONS, ALLANT DANS LE SENS DE LA REDUCTION DES DIFFERENCES DE CHANCES ENTRE LES JEUNES SENEGALAIS SONT FORMULEES.
Résumé / Abstract : IN ALL COUNTRIES, AT LEAST THE EQUALITY PRINCIPLE OF INDIVIDUALS WITH REGARD TO THE EDUCATION'S ACCESS IS ACCEPTED, WHAT CONSTITUTES THE STARTING POINT TO GAUGE THE MODERN SYSTEM OF EDUCATION. SINCE IT IS THE MAIN FACTOR OF SOCIAL CHANGE, THE EDUCATION MUST ALSO FAVOUR THE SOCIAL HOMOGENEITY. THIS THESIS DEALS WITH THE FOLLOWING SUBJECTS : (I) THE EMPIRICAL MEASUREMENT OF THE EXISTING IMBALANCE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF FORMAL EDUCATION COMPARED TO THE ADMINISTRATIVE TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF SENEGAL; (II) THE EVOLUTION OF THIS IMBALANCE FROM 77/78 TO 92/93, FROM PRIMARY SCHOOLING TO THE SECONDARY ONE; (III) THE DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS THAT INCREASE THE DISPARITY AMONG THE VARIOUS REGIONS OF THE COUNTRY. IT CONSISTS OF TWO PARTS : THE INTRODUCTORY ONE CONTAINS : (I) THE CHARACTERISTIC INFORMATION OF THE COUNTRY WHICH SHEDS LIGHT ON THE ANALYSIS FIELD; (II) THE EXAMINATION OF THE LITERATURE TREATING THE TOPIC; (III) THE METHODOLOGY REQUIRED BY THE PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION OF INEQUALITY INDICATORS. MOREOVER, THIS IS COMPLETED BY A DISCUSSION CONCERNING THE CRITERION TO CHOOSE THESE ONES. IN THE MAIN PART : THE INEQUALITY DUE TO GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN IS TREATED IN DETAIL FROM THREE VIEWPOINTS : (I) SCHOOL ACCESSIBILITY (POSSIBILITY OF HAVING ACCESS TO THE SCHOOL); (II) PROBABILITY OF BEING A SCHOOLBOY; (III) THE ESTABLISHMENTS QUALITY (GUIDANCE, PRODUCTIVITY AND RESULTS OF EXAMINATIONS). THE IMPACT OF THE SEX, THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS OF REGIONAL LOCALITY (CAPITAL/BEYOND-CAPITAL) AND THE TYPE OF ESTABLISHMENT (PUBLIC / PRIVATE) ON THE EDUCATIONAL DISTRIBUTION IS ANALYSED. THE DETERMINATION OF THE POSITION OF EACH REGION IN THE SPACE OF THE VARIABLES IS CARRIED OUT. AND THIS PROCESS IS SYSTEMATICALLY APPLIED TO THE THREE LEVELS OF EDUCATION : PRIMARY, SECONDARY (1ST. CYCLE) AND SECONDARY (2D. CYCLE). FINALLY, THE RELATION BETWEEN SCHOOLING DISTRIBUTION AND THE ONE OF OTHER SOCIO-ECONOMIC ELEMENT IS STUDIED. IN CONCLUSION, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE EXTENT OF THE INEQUALITY SHOWN BY THIS STUDY, THE EVOLUTION OF THIS INEQUALITY AND THE IMPACT OF THE DETECTED FACTORS, SOME SUGGESTIONS ARE FORMULATED IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE CHANCES EQUALITIES AMONG THE SENEGALESE YOUNG. THIS WILL FAVOUR CONSEQUENTLY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, A BETTER USE OF HUMAN RESOURCES, A SOCIAL MOBILITY, AND AN EXPANSION OF THE CITIZENSHIP AWARENESS.