Date : 1997
Type : Livre / Book
Type : Thèse / ThesisLangue / Language : français / French
Real Academia de la Historia -- Espagne
Politique culturelle -- 19e siècle
Histoire -- Recherche -- 19e siècle
Classification Dewey : 907.2
Résumé / Abstract : CETTE ETUDE SUR LA REAL ACADEMIA DE LA HISTORIA ENTEND MONTRER COMMENT L'HISTOIRE CONSTITUE L'UNE DES FORMES DE PREDILECTION DE LA CULTURE LIBERALE ET COMMENT ELLE CONTRIBUE A EN FIXER LES PRINCIPES POLITIQUES. EN DEUX PARTIES - "LE MONDE ACADEMIQUE ET LA CULTURE HISTORIQUE" ; "LE DISCOURS ACADEMIQUE, UN DISCOURS OFFICIEL ?" - CETTE THESE DRESSE UN TABLEAU DE L'IMPREGNATION HISTORIQUE DES FORMES CULTURELLES DU XIXEME SIECLE ESPAGNOL ET UN EXAMEN APPROFONDI DES DISCOURS DE RECEPTION A L'ACADEMIE. LA LITTERATURE, LA PEINTURE ET LA MUSIQUE ESPAGNOLES DU XIXEME SIECLE PUISENT UNE GRANDE PARTIE DE LEUR INSPIRATION DANS DES EPISODES DU PASSE NATIONAL. AINSI SE MET EN PLACE UN IMAGINAIRE HISTORIQUE QUI NOURRIT LE NATIONALISME CONTEMPORAIN. CES HOMMES DE LETTRE ET CES ARTISTES SE RETROUVENT DANS DES INSTITUTIONS PROPRES AUX PRATIQUES CULTURELLES DU SIECLE PASSE - CLUBS, CERCLES, ACADEMIES - MAIS AUSSI DANS LES SPHERES DU POUVOIR. LE RECRUTEMENT DE LA REAL ACADEMIA DE LA HISTORIA MONTRE, QU'AU-DELA DES DIVERGENCES POLITIQUES ENTRE MODERES ET PROGRESSISTES, UN ACCORD IDEOLOGIQUE PROFOND SOUDE LES ELITES LIBERALES. L'ACADEMIE EST UN LIEU OU SE CREE UNE CONVERGENCE ENTRE CES ELITES QUI FORMULENT DANS LEUR DISCOURS HISTORIQUE LEUR VISION DE L'ESPAGNE. CES HISTORIENS ET HOMMES POLITIQUES PRIVILEGIENT LA RACE - C'EST-A-DIRE LA SYMBIOSE ENTRE LE SOL ET LE PEUPLEMENT - ET LE CATHOLICISME. L'IDENTITE ESPAGNOLE EST ANCREE AU PLUS PROFOND DE L'EXPERIENCE DE LA RECONQUETE, DONT L'ACHEVEMENT EST PROVIDENTIELLEMENT RECOMPENSE PAR LA DECOUVERTE DU NOUVEAU MONDE. EXALTANT LA GLOIRE DE L'ESPAGNE, CES DISCOURS CONTOURNENT LE PROBLEME DE LA DECADENCE EN LA LIMITANT CHRONOLOGIQUEMENT A L'EPOQUE DES HABSBOURG ET EN L'IMPUTANT A L'ABSOLUTISME ETRANGER. CE DISCOURS NATIONALISTE ET IDENTITAIRE SE HEURTE AUX REALITES D'UNE POLITIQUE DE REPLI, PERMETTANT AINSI A L'INSATISFACTION CROISSANTE DES NOUVELLES COUCHES INTELLECTUELLES DE S'EXPRIMER. LA CRITIQUE VIRULENTE DE LA MYTHIFICATION DE L'HISTOIRE ESPAGNOLE A LA FIN DU XIXEME SIECLE SE TROUVE AMPLIFIEE ET LEGITIMEE PAR LA CRISE DE 1898.
Résumé / Abstract : THIS STUDY OF THE REAL ACADEMIA DE LA HISTORIA AIMS AT SHOWING THAT HISTORY WAS ONE OF THE PREFERRED FORMS OF EXPRESSION OF LIBERAL CULTURE AND THE EXTENT TO WHICH IT CONTRIBUTED TO SHAPING ITS POLITICAL PRINCIPLES. IN ITS TWO PARTS - THE ACADEMIC WORLD AND HISTORICAL CULTURE AND ACADEMIC DISCOURSE AS ECHOED IN OFFICIAL DISCOURSE - THIS DISSERTATION DESCRIBES HOW IMPREGNATED WITH HISTORY ALL CULTURAL FORMS OF EXPRESSION WERE IN XIXTH CENTURY SPAIN AND OFFERS A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF RECEPTION ADDRESSES AT THE ACADEMY. NINETEENTH CENTURY LITERATURE, PAINTING AND MUSIC DREW MOST OF THEIR INSPIRATION FROM EPISODES OF THE NATION'S PAST. THUS AN HISTORICAL IMAGINARY DEVELOPED ON WHICH CONTEMPORARY NATIONALISM FED. WRITERS AND ARTISTS WOULD MEET IN INSTITUTIONS WHICH REFELECTED THE CULTURAL PRACTICES OF THE PREVIOUS CENTURY, SUCH AS CLUBS, SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES, BUT ALSO IN THE CORRIDORS OF POWER. THE TYPE OF MEN COOPTED TO THE REAL ACADEMIA DE LA HISTORIA REVEALS THAT BEYOND THE POLITICAL DISSENTIONS BETWEEN THE MODERATES AND THE PROGRESSIVES, LIBERAL ELITES WERE ELDED BY A DEEP-SEATED IDEOLOGICAL CONSENSUS. THE ACADEMY WAS INSTRUMENTAL IN FORGING THIS CONVERGENCE AMONG THE LIBERAL ELITES THAT CONVEYED THEIR VISION OF SPAIN THROUGH THEIR POLITICAL DISCOURSE. THESE HISTORIANS AND POLITICIANS GAVE PRIDE OF PLACE TO RACE (UNDERSTOOD AS A SYMBIOSIS OF THE LAND AND ITS POPULATION) AND TO CATHOLICISM. SPANISH IDENTITY WAS DEEPLY NOOTED IN THE EXPERIENCE OF THE RECONQUISTA, THE COMPLETION OF WHICH WAS REWARDED BY PROVIDENCE WITH THE DISCOVERY OF THE NEW WORLD. SUCH SPEECHES GLOSS OVER THE PROBELM OF DECLINE BY RESTRICTING IT CHRONOLOGICALLY TO THE HABSBURG ERA AND ASCRIBING IT TO ABSOLUTISM OF FOREIGN RULERS. THIS NATIONALIST AND IDENTITARY DISCOURSE CLASHES WITH THE HARD FACTS OF A WITHDRAWAL POLICY, THUS MAKING IT POSSIBLE FOR THE INTELLECTUAL CLASSES TO EXPRESS THEIR GROWING DISCONTENT. THEIR HARSH CRITICISM OF THE MYTHIFICATION OF SPANISH HISTORY IN THE LATE XIXTH CENTURY WAS TO BE MAGNIFIED AND VINDICATED BY THE 1898 CRISIS.