Date : 1991
Type : Livre / Book
Type : Thèse / ThesisLangue / Language : français / French
Emploi en milieu rural -- Chine (sud-est)
Conditions rurales -- Chine (sud-est) -- Zhejiang
Résumé / Abstract : LE SURPEUPLEMENT DE L'AGRICULTURE CHINOISE A ETE MASQUE, PENDANT LA PERIODE COLLECTIVE, PAR UN FAIBLE TAUX DE SOUS-EMPLOI AGRICOLE, GRACE A L'ORGANISATION QUOTIDIENNE DU TRAVAIL AUX CHAMPS COLLECTIFS D'UN COTE, ET A UNCONTROLE STRICT D'EXODE RURAL DE L'AUTRE. LE SOUS-EMPLOI AGRICOLE EST DEVENU APPARENT DEPUIS LA MISE EN OEUVRE DES REFORMES RURALES A LA FIN DES ANNEES SOIXANTE-DIX. LE TRANSFERT DE POPULATION ACTIVE AGRICOLE ENCHINE A ETE CARACTERISE PAR UN IMPORTANT TRANSFERT SUR PLACE, GRACE AU DEVELOPPEMENT RAPIDE DES ENTREPRISES RURALES ET PAR UN EXODE RURAL LIMITE. CE TRANSFERT DE MAIN-D'OEUVRE AGRICOLE A REDUIT LE SOUS-EMPLOI RURAL EN CHINE ET A AUGMENTE LES REVENUS DES PAYSANS. IL A AUSSI ENTRAINE LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE L'AGRICULTURE A TEMPS PARTIEL EN CHINE. MAIS LA TACHE DE TRANSFERT DE POPULATION ACTIVE AGRICOLE EN CHINE RESTE ENCORE TRES LOURDE A L'AVENIR.
Résumé / Abstract : THE OUVERPOPULATION OF THE CHINESE AGRICULTURE HAS BEEN MASKED, DURING THE COLLECTIVE PERIOD, BY A WEAK RATE OF AGRICULTURAL UNDEREMPLOYMENT THANKS TO THE DAILY WORK ORGANIZATION IN THE COLLECTIVE FIELDS ON THE ONE HAND, AND TO A STRICT CONTROL OF RURAL EXODUS, ON THE OTHER. THE AGRICULTURAL UNDER-EMPLOYMENT HAS BECOME APPARENT, SINCE THE AGRICULTURAL REFORMS HAVE TAKEN PLACE AT THE LATE SIXTIES. THE TRANSFER OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVE POPULATION IN CHINA HAS BEEN CHARACTERIZED BY A IMPORTANT TRANSFER ON THE PREMISES, THANKS TO THE RAPIDE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ENTREPRISES AND BY A LIMITED RURAL EXODUS. THIS TRANSFER OF AGRICULTURAL MANPOWER HAZS REDUCED THE RURAL UNDER-EMPLOYMENT IN CHINA AND PEASANT'S REVENUES HAVE INCREASED. IT HAS THROUGHT OUT ALSO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PACTTIME FARMING IN CHINA. BUT THE TASK OF TRANSFER OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVE POPULATION IN CHINA REMAINS STILL VERY HEAVY IN THE FUTURE.