Date : 1995
Editeur / Publisher : [S.l.] : [s.n.] , 1995
Type : Livre / Book
Type : Thèse / ThesisLangue / Language : français / French
Histoire religieuse -- Russie -- 15e siècle
Résumé / Abstract : ALORS QUE L'ETAT MOSCOVITE ACHEVAIT SA LENTE ASCENSION, CYRILLE, MOINE ISSU DU MILIEU BOIAR, AGE DE 60 ANS, QUITTA EN 1397 LE CELEBRE MONASTERE SIMONOV DE MOSCOU POUR ALLER FONDER SA PROPRE COMMUNAUTE A QUELQUE SIX CENTS KILOMETRES DE LA, PRES DU LAC BLANC. AYANT DOTE SON MONASTERE D'UNE REGLE CENOBITIQUE STRICTE, IL PROCEDA A UN CERTAIN NOMBRE D'ACQUISITIONS DE TERRES POUR ASSURER LA PROSPERITE DE LA COMMUNAUTE, ET ENCOURAGEA VIVEMENT LA COPIE DE LIVRES ET LA CURIOSITE POUR LES TEXTES RELIGIEUX ET PROFANES. ESPRIT ERUDIT, CRITIQUE ET INDEPENDANT AVEC UN SENS PRATIQUE QUI TEMOIGNE DE SON INTERET POUR LE MONDE, IL SUT CREER UNE TRADITION QUI SE PERPETUA APRES LUI. APRES SA MORT, LA COMMUNAUTE CONTINUA A SE DEVELOPPER ET A BENEFICIER DES FAVEURS DES PRINCES. THEATRE DU DERNIER EPISODE DES LUTTES INTESTINES SOUS VASILIJ II, PUIS ENJEU POLITIQUE SOUS IVAN III DANS LES AFFRONTEMENTS ENTRE POUVOIR ET EGLISE, POUVOIR CENTRAL ET POUVOIR LOCAL, LE MONASTERE DE CYRILLE GARDA UN ROLE DE PREMIER PLAN TOUT AU LONG DU XVEME SIECLE. LES ACTES CITES MONTRENT QU'IL CONNUT UNE PERIODE D'EXPANSION, AVEC UNE AUGMENTATION DE L'AVOIR FONCIER, DES PRIVILEGES ET ECHANGES COMMERCIAUX, PUIS UNE PERIODE DE STAGNATION, LIEE AUX IDEES DES OPPOSANTS A LA PROPRIETE ECCLESIASTIQUE ET A LA CONJONCTURE ECONOMIQUE. PROCEDURES DE BORNAGES ET PROCES SE MULTIPLIENT ALORS, REFLETANT LE MECONTENTEMENT DES PAYSANS QUI COMMENCENT A PERDRE LEUR LIBERTE. MALGRE LES DIFFERENCES DANS LA GESTION DU MONASTERE, OU SUSCITES PAR ELLES, SUBSISTENT TOUJOURS AU SEIN DE LA COMMUNAUTE UN ESPRIT D'INDEPENDANCE ET UN INTERET GENERAL POUR LES AFFAIRES DE L'EGLISE ET DU PAYS, QUI SE TRADUISENT PAR UN DEBAT PERMANENT D'IDEES ET PAR UNE INTENSE ACTIVITE DES COPISTES, TELS QU'EFROSIN, GURIJ TUSIN ET VASSIAN PATRIKEEV, DISCIPLE DE NIL DE LA SORA, ISSU LUI-MEME DU MONASTERE DE CYRILLE DU LAC BLANC.
Résumé / Abstract : AS MUSCOVY WAS YET IN THE ASCENDANT AS A STATE, THE 60 YEAR-OLD MONK KIRIL, WHO WAS BORN IN A BOYAR ENVIRONMENT, LEFT THE FAMOUS MUSCOVITE SIMONOV MONASTERY IN 1397. HE TRAVELLED SOME 300 MILES IN ORDER TO SET UP HIS OWN COMMUNITY NEAR THE BELOOZERO LAKE. HAVING GIVEN HIS MONASTERY A STRICT CENOBITIC RULE, HE PROCEEDED TO SECURE ENOUGH LAND TO ENSURE THE COMMUNITY'S PROSPERITY. HE THEN GREATLY ENCOURAGED THE COPYING OF BOTH RELIGIOUS AND PROFANE TEXTS, THE WIDE RANGE OF WHICH SHOWS HIS VERSATILE INTEREST IN WORDLY LIFE AS WELL AS HIS KEEN CRITICAL AND LEARNED MIND. AFTER KIRIL'S DEATH, THE COMMUNITY KEPT GROWING, STILL BENEFITING FROM THE PRINCES'FAVOUR, AND MAINTAINED THE COPYING TRADITION. ST KIRIL'S MONASTERY PLAYED AN IMPORTANT POLITICAL ROLE THROUGHOUT THE XVTH C.. IT WAS THE THEATRE FOR THE LAST EPISODE OF THE "INFIGHTING" UNDER VASILIJ II, THEN IT WAS THE STAKE IN POWER STRUGGLES BETWEEN THE MUSCOVITE PRINCES AND THE CHURCH, OR THE LOCAL PRINCES. THE CHARTERS(TRANSLATED IN THIS STUDY) SHOW THAT AFTER A TIME OF GROWTH OF ITS POSSESSIONS, PRINCELY PRIVILEGES AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY, THE MONASTERY WENT THROUGH A PERIOD OF STAGNATION, OWING TO THE IDEAS OF "NON-POSSESSOR" ABBOTS AND TO THE ECONOMIC SITUATION. MOREOVER, LANDMARKING PROCEDURES AND TRIALS INCREASED, INDICATING A GROWING ANGER AMONG THE PEASANTS WHOSE FREEDOM WAS BEING JEOPARDIZED. IN SPITE, OR INDEED BECAUSE OF UNSTABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE MONASTERY, A SPIRIT OF INDEPENDANCE AND A CURIOSITY FOR CHURCH AND STATE AFFAIRS REMAINED ALIVE IN THE COMMUNITY, AROUSING A NEVER ENDING DEBATE AND STIMULATING THE ACTIVITY OF THE SCRIBES, AMONG WHOM WERE EFROSIN, GURIJ TUSIN, AND VASSIAN PATRIKEEV, A FOLLOWER OF NIL SORSKIJ WHO HIMSELF CAME FROM THE KIRIL OF BELOOZERO MONASTERY.